常见病虫害
主要疾病
1> 白粉病:叶子和茎的表面出现白色粉状的病菌,通常情况下叶片背面比正面多。黄瓜、南瓜、茄子等植株上常见。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C44F85/6398897604537801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0027_0001.jpg?sign=1738870178-53RaQlZF7S78cOazXnruzXI1F2XSkArc-0-77f22cedaeed83fa0bdb43d8c95ac2c4)
2> 灰霉病:低温高湿时易发此病。西红柿、茄子、黄瓜等植株上常见。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C44F85/6398897604537801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0027_0002.jpg?sign=1738870178-3x7fBwYO2LNvCC6aNODZBiBwCrUQehlp-0-4bae4a2b23ddf658171ba13be58bc4c2)
3> 霜霉病:多发于高温高湿期,黄瓜植株常染此病。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C44F85/6398897604537801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0027_0003.jpg?sign=1738870178-evSMoiTdgCAezA1ihU0hNQXZ5puvfono-0-8518cac12698d82f8adcd43ef9c88b8f)
4> 软腐病:发病晚期植株自行倾倒。卷心菜、白菜、萝卜等蔬菜常见此病。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C44F85/6398897604537801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0027_0004.jpg?sign=1738870178-voUZcLQkM6NUr8WWqzJ5EH9bYGILV1vL-0-a7e60f661148d8c39f6389ecc94b3777)
5> 花叶病:大多数蔬菜都有可能染上此病。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C44F85/6398897604537801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0027_0005.jpg?sign=1738870178-h0aK8mYjrYxJCC3JuBZTFWNzk3hJil5W-0-7b5bd17638286a419f6a29efa97c989d)
6> 疫病:高温高湿时多发。西红柿、青椒等植株上常见。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C44F85/6398897604537801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0027_0006.jpg?sign=1738870178-EtQjo8m0mj6G7IxxzpjpHaWPtDffatB2-0-3b6ee5f302cc00a09deb1d62dbe59207)
主要虫害
1> 蚜虫:在叶片、嫩茎、花蕾、顶芽等部位成群地吸取汁液,严重时会导致植株死亡,多发于春、秋季。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C44F85/6398897604537801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0028_0001.jpg?sign=1738870178-ZIaOa2wJC46naIQqWkj280ygHBUYSuH8-0-854411938588f5a1ca1969abf0dda837)
2> 青虫:蝶和蛾的幼虫,主要危害十字花科蔬菜。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C44F85/6398897604537801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0028_0002.jpg?sign=1738870178-ixi4PhigcSl3tgkBlxvbC7bU65hqRhxt-0-01ee245e698c789e13d10f782ac7ca0c)
3> 夜盗虫:危害十分严重,多发于茎叶类植物。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C44F85/6398897604537801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0028_0003.jpg?sign=1738870178-eaFuYBcOZ57MO3izTNFG7Susu9mUrgsp-0-740fd68ea9b5744dcd0a9f38ecbfbe57)
4> 粉虱:多发于高温干燥时期,西红柿、茄子等植株上常发生。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C44F85/6398897604537801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0028_0004.jpg?sign=1738870178-AC6BpeBja5lCCARlwZ0tmr0nrKyvYNSx-0-e299ffea7b3d3fcf74736f5bb447fd7e)
5> 红蜘蛛:吸取汁液,使叶片出现灰黄点或斑块,导致叶子枯萎、脱落。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C44F85/6398897604537801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0028_0005.jpg?sign=1738870178-6YA8iskaIWkVXehIxEX7fNDeVMXGY8CB-0-1c89444d195d6465daaedca02cee2efd)
6> 鼻涕虫:喜欢在夜晚和阴天时出来觅食,咬食菜叶和果实。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C44F85/6398897604537801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0029_0001.jpg?sign=1738870178-ycadlP547Fqip5DFP1MxgXqawkyEQY02-0-46c54f27088cc26fa7eeb752946d654c)
7> 黄曲条跳甲:常危害叶菜类蔬菜。
![](https://epubservercos.yuewen.com/C44F85/6398897604537801/epubprivate/OEBPS/Images/figure_0029_0002.jpg?sign=1738870178-6Gt5SyQxLS8Q93RTJluyFbqzV8CZcqQP-0-cd869d7cba23c1519384a978cf7c3657)